The search for methods and means of stimulating reparative osteogenesis is a pressing issue in modern veterinary traumatology that requires further study, and the use of stem cells is considered one of the most promising approaches in this area. The study aimed to investigate microscopic changes in experimentally damaged bone tissue of rabbits under the influence of intravenously administered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells on reparative osteogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from rabbit bone marrow and cultured in a nutrient medium according to standard protocols. The injury was simulated using a 2.5 mm diameter surgical drill on the medial surface of the middle third of the tibial diaphysis. After 24 hours, the animals in the experimental group were given a single intravenous injection (into the jugular vein) of 3.5×106 stem cells. The defect in the animals in the control group healed naturally. Histological studies were performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 of the experiment. The samples were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and examined under a microscope. Intravenous administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells to animals stimulated regenerative processes and accelerated the stages of reparative osteogenesis at the site of injury. The study determined that in the experimental group, already on the third day, there were no blood clots and bone tissue fragments in the damage area, and the growth of fibrous connective tissue and intensive osteogenesis were recorded. The formation of bone callus and consolidation of bone tissue proceeded faster than in the control group. By day 21, the bone marrow had already acquired a normal structure, while in the control group, a similar result was observed only on day 28. Almost complete restoration of the defect after the introduction of stem cells was observed on day 28, while in the control group, a similar result was achieved only on day 42. The results of the study can be used to stimulate reparative osteogenesis and further study the processes of the influence of stem cells on the restoration of damaged tissues
reparative osteogenesis; bone tissue; bone callus; bone marrow; allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells
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