The leading role in the mobilization of the organism adaptive capabilities is played by neuro-humoral mechanisms, primarily the activity of the central nervous system. The full-fledged mineral nutrition of cattle depends on the animal supply with macroelements, which are included in the structure of many enzymes or are their activators, taking a leading role in redox reactions. The studies were carried out on cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed of 2–3rd lactation. By the results of studying the autonomic nervous system tone, 3 experimental groups were formed: 1 – normotonics, 2 – vagotonics, 3 – sympathicotonics. Blood from cattle was collected twice a year in summer and winter. Whole blood was stabilized with heparin, blood serum was obtained by sedimentation method, and blood cells – by centrifugation of heparinized blood, plasma collection and aŌer triple washing of cells in the cold isotonic solution, followed by centrifugation. The tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows in summer is inversely related to the content of phosphorus in whole blood (r = -0.73; P < 0.05) and blood cells (r = -0.87; P < 0.001). However, in blood serum, these relationships are unreliable both in summer and winter (r = -0.02–0.24). In winter, the tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows is inversely reliably associated only with phosphorus content in whole blood (r = -0.81; P < 0.01). Unlike the tone of the autonomic nervous system, the season has a significant effect on calcium content in whole blood (F = 8.94 > FU = 8.41; P < 0.01), while the content of this element in serum and blood cells of cows did not depend from the season. So, the tone of the autonomic nervous system and the season affect the content of calcium and phosphorus in blood of cows.
cows, blood, nervous processes, the tone of the autonomic nervous system, calcium, phosphorus